A Morpholino oligo, or phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligo (PMO), is an uncharged oligo that binds complementary RNA. Over 11,000 papers have been published reporting RNA manipulation with Morpholiinos. There are several FDA-approved Morpholino drugs for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Morpholinos are typically 25 bases in length, though this can be adjusted to optimize binding energy. They consist of DNA bases on methylenemorpholine rings, linked through uncharged phosphorodiamidate linkages. Morpholinos can be linked to various optional end-groups such as fluorescent tags, affinity tags, conjugation handles or a delivery moiety. Morpholinos have little affinity for proteins and are completely stable in cells and tissues.
Gene Tools manufactures Morpholinos as well as Vivo-Morpholinos, a delivery-enabled form of the oligo with a terminal octaguanidinium dendrimer to help Morpholino oligos enter cells in cultures or in animals. We also provide sequence design assistance and help with experiment planning.
See our Morpholino publication database for examples of published Morpholino work: http://pubs.gene-tools.com: